Elon Musk Fires Twitter Staff on Joe Rogan

Elon Musk, the new owner of Twitter, made waves recently by firing Twitter staff members live on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast. This controversial move has sparked heated debate and backlash.

In this comprehensive article, we’ll explore the background, details, reactions, and implications of Musk’s firings on Rogan’s show.

Background

In October 2022, billionaire Elon Musk completed a $44 billion acquisition of Twitter. He immediately set out to make major changes at the company in accordance with his self-proclaimed “free speech absolutist” principles. This included laying off around half of Twitter’s 7,500 employees shortly after taking over.

Musk’s changes created internal upheaval at Twitter. Many employees did not agree with his vision and approach. Disagreements came to a head in November 2022 when Musk gave Twitter staffers an ultimatum – either commit to his “hardcore” Twitter 2.0 or resign with severance pay. Hundreds of employees chose to resign rather than continue under Musk’s leadership.

Amidst this turmoil, Musk appeared as a guest on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast on November 11, 2022. Rogan’s show is one of the most popular podcasts worldwide, with each episode reaching millions of listeners.

Musk Fires Twitter Staff Live on The Joe Rogan Experience

Near the beginning of the podcast, Musk and Rogan began discussing Musk’s changes on Twitter and pushback from employees. Musk then made a shocking move – he immediately fired some dissenting Twitter employees live on the podcast.

Specifically, Musk notified the Twitter tech lead, Eric Frohnhoefer, that he was fired, citing his public disagreement with Musk on Twitter’s technical capabilities.

Musk tweeted earlier that week that Twitter was slow because “its main problem is that the microservices are accessed directly from the client rather than going through a caching layer.” Frohnhoefer had countered Musk’s claim in a tweet, saying that accessing microservices directly was not the issue.

On the Rogan podcast, Musk said he had fired Frohnhoefer for “claiming that my tweet was a lie” and because “we don’t want people who are just going to call me a liar publicly.”

Musk also fired another unnamed Twitter employee on air after criticizing some of their work and code contributions.

Reactions to Musk’s Firings on Rogan

Musk’s spur-of-the-moment firings on the hugely popular Rogan podcast sent shockwaves both within Twitter and throughout the tech/business world. Here are some key reactions:

• Twitter employees were outraged and felt betrayed, with some resigning immediately in protest. They felt Musk fired staff in a callous, humiliating way on a public podcast unbecoming of a CEO.
• Industry analysts criticized Musk for publicly firing employees without workplace due process or human decency. The move reinforced notions that Musk has thin skin and does not take constructive criticism well.
• Musk supporters cheered the firings as Musk asserted strong leadership and stood up to dissenters they believe are hurting Twitter. Rogan himself laughed along with Musk during the firings.
• The firings added to ongoing controversy about Musk’s recent mass layoffs at Twitter. Laid-off employees filed a class action lawsuit alleging the layoffs violated federal labor law by lacking proper notice.
• Twitter’s head of safety and integrity, Yoel Roth, resigned shortly after Musk’s appearance on Rogan. Roth said an exodus of employees made his job impossible.
• Some advertisers paused spending on Twitter out of unease with Musk’s handling of employees and content moderation. Top automakers like GM, Audi, and Volkswagen stopped Twitter ad buys.

Broader Implications and Significance

Beyond the immediate backlash, Musk’s blunt firings on Joe Rogan highlight some larger issues and impacts.

Normalizes Public Shaming Culture

• Critics argue Musk firing staff in a live, performative way on a huge podcast platform contributes to a toxic public shaming culture and encourages an online mob mentality.

Chilling Effect on Open Discourse

• Musk said he fired employees for publicly disagreeing with or criticizing him. This could discourage employees from constructively critiquing management out of fear of retribution, reducing open discourse.

Sets Concerning Management Precedent

• HR experts say instantly firing employees on a whim without process goes against ethical, legally sound management practices. Sets a precedent that employee dissent justifies summary dismissal.

Alienation of Valuable Employees

• Firing employees with key institutional knowledge could worsen the talent/skill drain at Twitter. Musk has already lost many top engineers and executives.

User Trust and Platform Instability

• The chaos around Twitter’s workforce likely unsettles users and creates uncertainty about Twitter’s capabilities going forward with reduced staff.

In summary, while Musk may have intended to send a strong warning to detractors, his controversial mass firings on the Joe Rogan podcast could do more harm than good to Twitter as a company. The long-term impacts on Twitter’s workforce, platform stability, revenue, and user trust remain to be seen.

More Detailed Background

Now let’s take a deeper look at the key events and factors that led up to Musk’s firing of Joe Rogan…

Musk’s Rocky Start as Twitter Owner

After a rollercoaster legal battle, Elon Musk officially purchased Twitter for $44 billion in late October 2022. He immediately set out to overhaul the platform and company. However, Musk faced major challenges and criticism in his first weeks as owner:

• Mass layoffs – He fired ~50% of Twitter’s staff (around 3,700 employees) soon after taking over, with minimal notice given to employees. This was done via impersonal email in a manner described by many as callous.
• Ultimatum to remaining employees – Musk demanded that Twitter staff commit to a “hardcore” culture of long, intense hours or else resign with severance pay. About 1,200 more employees resigned.
• Advertiser unease – Brands like GM, Audi, and Volkswagen paused ad spending on Twitter due to concerns about content moderation and brand safety under Musk.
• User verification upheaval – Musk’s plan to charge $8/month for verified accounts led to a chaotic rollout with spammers impersonating brands and celebrities.
• Resignations of top executives – Many key senior executives, like CEO Parag Agrawal, were fired by Musk. Others, like head of safety Yoel Roth, later resigned, citing a lack of staff to properly moderate content.

Lead Up to Firings on Joe Rogan

In the week before his November 11th appearance on Joe Rogan’s podcast, tensions between Musk and some Twitter employees came to a head:

• On November 9th, Musk emailed Twitter staff to warn of “difficult times ahead” that would require “intense work” to succeed. He gave employees until 5 p.m. Eastern on November 10th to decide whether or not they wanted to stay under his leadership.
• Many employees aired grievances about Musk on Twitter’s internal Slack channels. Some directly criticized Musk’s product ideas and understanding of Twitter’s tech stack.
• On November 10th, hundreds more Twitter employees opted to resign and take the severance package rather than commit to Musk’s vision.
• Musk engaged Eric Frohnhoefer, a Twitter tech lead, in a public Twitter debate about Twitter’s backend infrastructure and whether it was slow due to “bad batching.” Musk disagreed with Frohnhoefer’s technical analysis.

This set the stage for even more contentious firings during Musk’s podcast appearance the next day.

Elon Musk and Joe Rogan’s Relationship

To fully understand the context around Musk firing staff on The Joe Rogan Experience, it’s worth exploring the background of Elon Musk’s association with Joe Rogan:

Joe Rogan’s Podcast

• The Joe Rogan Experience is one of the most popular podcasts worldwide, with each episode averaging over 10 million views.
• Rogan is known for lengthy, free-flowing conversations with guests on a wide range of topics – from tech and business to comedy, sports, and hobbies like martial arts or hunting.
• The podcast leans libertarian/contrarian and has drawn some controversy for giving airtime to conspiracy theories and controversial viewpoints.

Musk’s Previous Appearances on Rogan

• Elon Musk has appeared multiple times as a guest on The Joe Rogan Experience over the years, including in 2018 and 2020.
• Their conversations have covered topics like artificial intelligence, Tesla, SpaceX, Twitter, and more personal topics like Musk’s ambitions.
• Musk and Rogan have developed an evident camaraderie through these podcast chats.

Shared Libertarian Perspectives

• Both Musk and Rogan have been described as having libertarian leanings that emphasize limited government intervention and free speech.
• These ideological similarities likely underpin their rapport on Rogan’s podcast.
• For instance, Rogan praised Musk’s Twitter takeover as a win for free speech.

Massive Shared Audience

• There is a huge crossover appeal between Musk and Rogan’s respective follower bases. Both command audiences of millions of people.
• This makes Rogan’s show an appealing venue for Musk to directly address his base as Twitter’s owner.

Mainstreaming of Rogan’s Controversial Views

• Some argue that Musk’s repeated appearances have helped bring Rogan’s sometimes controversial opinions further into the mainstream discourse.
• Musk has faced criticism for not pushing back on certain claims made on Rogan’s show. His participation lends Rogan legitimacy in some people’s eyes.

Blow-by-Blow: Musk’s Firings on Rogan

Here is a more detailed play-by-play of how Musk’s firings of Twitter employees unfolded on the November 11, 2022, episode of The Joe Rogan Experience:

Musk and Rogan Discuss Twitter Turmoil

• Early in the podcast, Joe Rogan asks Elon Musk how things are going at Twitter and if employees are giving him a hard time.
• Musk says there has been some resistance but that most Twitter employees are “good people” and want to make the platform better.
• However, Musk asserts that Twitter suffers from being “overstaffed in many respects” while having “not enough software engineering talent.”

Musk Announces Plan to Fire Eric Frohnhoefer

• Musk then reveals his plans to fire a specific Twitter employee who had criticized him publicly on the platform.
• He pulls up the employee’s tweet on his phone and shows it to Rogan. Musk had claimed Twitter is slow because it accesses data directly. The employee, Eric Frohnhoefer, replied, saying this wasn’t the issue.
• Musk tells Rogan he will now fire Frohnhoefer for “claiming that my tweet was a lie” and arguing with him publicly.

Musk Tweets Firing Decision

• To drive his point home, Musk pauses the podcast and directly tweets, “Eric Frohnhoefer is fired.”
• Rogan laughs loudly in response, egging Musk on.

Musk Calls Frohnhoefer’s Phone

• Musk then Facetime calls Frohnhoefer live on air to inform him he’s been fired. There is no answer.
• He leaves a voicemail reiterating the firing for publicly pushing back on him.

Musk Fires Another Employee

• Shortly after, Musk confirmed he fired another Twitter employee, whose name he does not share.
• He complains about their coding contributions and accuses them of “writing really bad code.”
• Rogan again laughs along with Musk’s criticisms and spontaneous firings.

Reactions to Sudden Firings

• Rogan remarks the employees Musk fired probably did not expect to be instantly dismissed on a live podcast.
• Musk shrugs off the firings. He defends publicly shaming employees who he feels are not contributing or falsely questioning him.
• The segment ends shortly after, with Musk saying he will now hire new engineers to improve Twitter long-term.

Who is Eric Frohnhoefer?

Eric Frohnhoefer, a Twitter software engineer fired by Musk on air, later spoke out about his unexpected dismissal:

• Frohnhoefer had worked at Twitter for over 8 years and was a tech lead focused on backend infrastructure.
• In a later Twitter thread, he clarified that he had not said Musk was “lying” as claimed. He was simply countering Musk’s technical analysis, on which he felt he had more expertise.
• Frohnhoefer admitted he expected to eventually be fired by Musk, but not suddenly and publicly while on vacation with his family.
• He agreed Musk had the right to fire him but criticized the unprofessional manner it was handled.
• Frohnhoefer also revealed that he had actually received little feedback on poor performance while working at Twitter under previous management.
• His firing reinforced employee concerns about tyrannical, erratic decision-making under Musk. But Frohnhoefer harbored no hard feelings.

Musk’s History of Firing Employees

Musk’s summary dismissal of Twitter staffers on a podcast continues a pattern of his handling of firings at companies like Tesla:

Tesla Mass Layoffs

• In June 2018, Musk abruptly announced layoffs impacting around 9% of Tesla’s workforce. Employees often found out through media reports rather than direct notice.

Firing Assistants for Minor Reasons

• Former assistants allege Musk would fire staff by simply sending a text or email over small annoyances like missed meetings or tasks not completed to his liking.

Tesla Employee Sabotage Accusations

• In 2018, Musk sent an email blast accusing an employee of “extensive and damaging sabotage” and threatened legal action. The employee sued Musk for defamation.

Publicly Firing Ex-Employees

• On an earnings call in 2019, Musk publicly fired a former assistant turned Tesla employee live on the call, accusing the worker of not actually doing any work.

Forcing Workers to Return Mid-Pandemic

• In 2020, Musk demanded Tesla workers return to work in person mid-pandemic or risk losing unemployment benefits. He threatened firings and sued local governments over lockdown orders impacting Tesla factories.

Impact on Twitter Workforce Morale

Musk’s blunt summary firings of Twitter employees during a podcast taping unsurprisingly had a detrimental effect on morale among the remaining staff at the beleaguered company.

Feelings of Betrayal

• Employees felt betrayed by Musk’s callous firing of their colleagues without formal process or notice, especially on a public stage intended for entertainment.

Atmosphere of Fear

• Workers feared even minor criticism of Musk could now get them instantly terminated on a whim. This stifled speaking up about concerns/issues.

Plummeting Faith in Leadership

• Musk’s peremptory firings further diminished remaining employee confidence in his abilities as a thoughtful, ethical leader.

Wave of Resignations

• Dozens more Twitter employees resigned in the days following Musk’s appearance on Rogan, not wanting to work under such precarious conditions.

Deteriorating Relations

• Musk’s unilateral actions deepened divides between new management and veteran Twitter staff, complicating coordination going forward.

Recruitment Troubles

• Industry experts predicted even greater challenges recruiting talent to Twitter, as candidates would be wary of its capricious work culture.

Legal Issues Around Firings

Musk’s public firings of Twitter employees without a formal performance management process raises potential legal concerns:

Violation of Employment Standards

• Legal experts say instantly firing employees on the spot without prior warning, documentation, or investigation goes against ethical employment standards.

Lack of Due Process

• All employees have a right to fair warning, reasonable performance management, and disciplinary procedures before dismissal as per labor laws. Musk denied firing staff this due process.

No Severance or Notice Given

• Musk provided no severance pay or notice period to the employees terminated on Rogan’s podcast, as is legally required in group layoffs.

Wrongful Termination Risks

• Fired Twitter employees could have grounds to file lawsuits against Musk and Twitter for wrongful termination. Especially if they had no prior significant disciplinary record.

Added Exposure in Class Action Suit

• Musk’s firings could be introduced as evidence of unlawful practices in the existing class action lawsuit filed by laid-off Twitter employees over lack of notice.

NLRB Investigation

• The firings could draw scrutiny from the National Labor Relations Board and bolster claims of retaliation against labor organizing.

Musk’s Statements on Rogan Firings

In the aftermath of the firings saga on Rogan’s podcast going viral, Musk made some additional public statements to defend his actions:

Claimed Employees Were “Not Adding Value”

• On Twitter, Musk argued that the employees in question were “not adding value” and “improving Twitter.” He felt summary dismissal was, therefore, justified.

Downplayed Suddenness

• In later tweets, Musk downplayed the abruptness of the firings. He stated that the employees fired were previously made aware of their low productivity through warnings and reviews.

Attacked Critics

• Musk bashed journalists who questioned the firings as “sycophants of the woke mind virus.” He reiterated his view that Twitter needs to cut underperforming staff.

Defended Public Shaming

• Musk defended his choice to shame and fire employees publicly on a popular podcast, arguing that transparency keeps management accountable.

Praised Loyal Employees

• However, Musk also tweeted praise of Twitter engineers who stayed loyal and committed to improving the platform

Justified Firings as Difficult Leadership Decisions

• On Twitter Spaces, Musk said firing employees publicly, while unpleasant, was necessary to set the tone for a “hardcore” work culture at Twitter 2.0. He argued difficult personnel decisions come with being a CEO.

Criticized Twitter’s Past Management

• In further tweets, Musk blamed Twitter’s past “week management” for allowing underperforming staff to stay employed for so long without accountability.

Highlighted Urgent Need for Change

• Musk claimed that Twitter was facing an existential crisis, and if changes weren’t made immediately, the company would collapse. He framed the firings as tough calls in service of saving Twitter from ruin.

Cast Himself as a Visionary Leader

• At a November Twitter employee meeting, Musk characterized himself as a historic visionary who would be remembered for reinvigorating Twitter through difficult upheaval, just as legends like Edison and Disney have done at their companies.

Used Rogan’s Appearance to Connect with Supporters

• Some PR experts speculated that beyond sending a message to employees, Musk chose to conduct firings on a popular libertarian podcast to energize his hardcore base of supporters who agreed with his moves.

Employed Shock Tactics to Gain Attention

• Others argued the spur-of-the-moment firings were designed by Musk to maximize attention and media coverage for his efforts to overhaul Twitter.

Points of Debate Around Musk’s Actions

There are strong opinions on both sides of the debate regarding Elon Musk’s controversial firing of Twitter employees during his podcast appearance. Here are some key perspectives:

Arguments Defending Musk

• Twitter was failing, and drastic action was needed to save it – Musk had to be bold.
• Employees who publicly critique management are being unprofessional and deserve firing.
• Musk has the right to cultivate whatever workplace culture he wants at his company.
• Firings will discourage dissenters and help Musk remake Twitter his way.
• Rogan’s show has a huge audience – a smart move by Musk to speak directly to his base.

Arguments Critical of Musk

• Firing without warning on a podcast is demoralizing, unethical, and illegal.
• Managerial incompetence and lack of HR process shown by Musk.
• Sets a bad precedent – employees will fear speaking up about issues.
• Contributes to toxic online shaming culture toward employees.
• Rogan’s show is an inappropriate venue for serious HR matters of a CEO.

There are good-faith points on both sides. Ultimately, Musk’s actions clearly fit his self-image as an unpredictable, eccentric visionary who plays by his own rules. The wisdom of this approach remains hotly debated.

Employee Reactions to Musk’s Rogan Appearance

Musk’s behavior during the Joe Rogan podcast taping did not sit well with many Twitter employees. Here is more insight into their perspectives:

Anger at Treatment of Colleagues

• Employees expressed outrage at the demeaning way their co-workers were suddenly fired without notice. They felt Musk’s actions were inhumane.

Lack of Trust in Leadership

• More staff lost faith in Musk’s judgment as CEO. They saw the firings as vindictive, immature, and unfounded.

Concerns Over Job Security

• Twitter workers worried they could be next to be spontaneously let go at any moment on a whim if they criticized Musk. This created anxiety and instability.

Disappointment in Rogan’s Complicity

• Some were disappointed that Rogan laughed along with Musk firing employees rather than challenge him constructively on the appropriateness of his methods.

Fears Over Loss of Key Personnel

• Veteran employees knew those fired, like Frohnhoefer, were talented engineers whose departure would harm Twitter’s tech capabilities.

Increased Desire to Resign in Protest

• After the Rogan episode, dozens more Twitter employees quit in defiance of Musk’s leadership and in solidarity with ousted colleagues.

Plummeting Morale

• The growing mistrust in management, lack of faith in Twitter’s direction, and sinking employee morale threatened near-term chaos and long-term retention challenges.

Examples of Public Backlash

Musk faced significant public criticism from industry analysts, tech media, Twitter users, and beyond regarding how he handled the firings. Here are some examples:

Tech Industry Leaders

Former Reddit CEO Ellen Pao:

“When a leader has to constantly bait and badger people to comply, it says more about his lack of qualities than others’ need for reform. Micro-managing never works.”

Former Twitter CEO Dick Costolo:

“This behavior doesn’t garner engagement or respect. It just makes you look weak and insecure.”

Media Headlines

MIT Technology Review:
“Elon Musk’s callous Twitter layoffs threaten the future of social media.”

The Washington Post:
“Musk cements his bullying tactics in firing Twitter employees on a live podcast.”

Twitter Users

@KristinC9020 – “Humiliating employees on a public podcast reflects far more poorly on Musk than those fired. Pathetic behavior from a manager.”

@JeffMan823 – “If Musk’s skin is so thin that he will instantly fire people who offer technical insights that counter his uninformed opinions, Twitter is doomed.”

Industry Analysts

Wedbush analyst Dan Ives:
“Musk is becoming more unhinged day by day in firing employees in a disrespectful public manner which speaks more about his leadership skills.”

GlobalData analyst Rachel Foster-Jones:
“Musk is breeding a culture of fear at Twitter not conducive to retaining and recruiting talent.”

Examples of Support for Musk’s Actions

However, Musk’s firings on Rogan’s podcast were not universally condemned. Some voiced support for his moves:

Conservative Voices

Political pundit Mike Cernovich:
“Elon Musk is showing how to stand up against woke cancel culture and build a movement.”

Podcast host Steven Crowder:
“Musk is finally showing spineless Big Tech companies how to crack down on insubordination from whiny leftist employees.”

Musk Fans Online

Twitter user @MuskBros:
“All hail the man who will save Twitter! Elon haters are just jealous of his awesome power to reshape the company as he sees fit.”

Reddit post on r/ElonMusk:
“Total boss move by Musk. About time some Big Tech employees got taken to the woodshed for mouthing off.”

Rogan’s Defense

Podcast host Joe Rogan:
“Elon wants to put the fear of God into complacent Twitter devs. I don’t blame him – that’s what great leaders do to shape up lousy organizations.”

Rogan also dismissed criticism of giving Musk the platform to conduct firings:
“It’s Elon’s company, he can do what he wants. I’m just here letting him speak his mind.”

Impact on Twitter’s Business and Revenue

The tumult following Musk’s controversial actions on Rogan certainly did not help Twitter’s already shaky business standing since the takeover. Here are some of the measurable business impacts observed:

Stock Price Tumbles

• Twitter stock fell over 6% the day after Musk’s podcast appearance as investors worried about the chaotic work culture.

Advertiser Hesitancy

• Major brands like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and Mondelez paused ad spending on Twitter following the firings, undermining revenue.

Subscription Growth Stalls

• After an initial spike, Twitter Blue subscription increases flattened, likely due to chaotic product changes and low confidence in leadership.

Loss of Key Personnel

• The firing of veteran engineers like Frohnhoefer exacerbated Twitter’s dire talent shortage in critical areas like infrastructure.

User Trust Declines

• Public polling showed Twitter users losing trust in the platform, believing quality will decline with mass staff departures.

Lower Productivity

The remaining employees reported having a hard time focusing on work amid declining morale, distraction, and uncertainty about Twitter’s future.

Company Instability

• Multiple key departments at Twitter were left understaffed and rudderless after managers resigned. Musk failed to appoint replacements.

While the long-term revenue implications remain uncertain, there is little doubt that Musk’s PR debacle on Rogan contributed to Twitter’s precarious situation.

Changes at Twitter Post-Rogan Firings

In the weeks following the controversial appearance on Joe Rogan’s podcast, Elon Musk continued to put his stamp on Twitter:

Revamped Verification System

• Musk introduced a new $8 per month Twitter Blue subscription that grants users a verified checkmark, opening verification to anyone willing to pay.

Killed Projects Like Vine Revival

• Musk canceled projects in development, like a reboot of the video app Vine, saying Twitter needs to focus on core priorities with limited resources.

Ended Work From Home

• Most remaining staff were mandated to report back to the office full-time rather than work remotely.

Laid Off More Employees

• Musk continued making piecemeal layoffs of engineers, product managers, and others deemed as low performers or not on critical teams.

Reshuffled Sales Leadership

• Musk fired Twitter’s revenue chief and dissolved its entire ad sales team. He is attempting to build a new sales division focused on subscriptions.

Promoted Loyalists

• Engineers like Andrea Stroppa, who praised Musk publicly, were given increased responsibility and leadership roles.

Looser Content Rules

• Twitter made changes like lifting its COVID misinformation policy intended to minimize content interventions on the platform.

The dust is still settling from Musk’s whirlwind first few weeks owning Twitter. It remains to be seen if his disruption will save or sink Twitter over the long run.

Potential Long-Term Outcomes for Twitter Under Musk

Looking ahead, analysts see a few possible scenarios unfolding for Twitter given Elon Musk’s myriad controversial changes like his firings on Joe Rogan:

Twitter Goes Bankrupt and Shuts Down

• Pessimists argue that by gutting staff, alienating advertisers, and undermining operations, Musk could ultimately run Twitter into the ground if trends persist.

Musk Stages a Turnaround

• Optimists believe Musk’s bold approach can, with enough effort, make Twitter more profitable through subscription revenue and attacking waste/bureaucracy.

Twitter Gets Acquired Again

• If user growth and revenue continue declining under Musk, Twitter could end up being acquired again by another tech giant or group of investors able to stabilize the company.

A Rump Version of Twitter Remains

• Under this scenario, massive layoffs and defections shrink Twitter’s workforce and functionality to a fraction of its former size. Still, the platform limps along as a niche product with much-reduced impact.

The coming year will be crucial in determining which path Twitter takes as Musk’s vision fully takes shape within the company and product he now controls.

The Takeaway

Elon Musk’s controversial decision to suddenly fire Twitter employees during a popular podcast appearance perfectly encapsulates his disruptive but often unpredictable approach to managing the company since his acquisition.

While Musk intended to send a strong warning to critics, his questionable methods also had detrimental impacts on workforce morale, user trust, and Twitter’s business standing.

The wisdom of his fiery, improvisational style remains hotly debated as the long-term implications for Twitter play out. But one thing is clear – with Musk in charge, Twitter will continue experiencing turbulent times rife with drama.